Having COVID-19 varies greatly from one person to another. What happens if you are diagnosed with COVID-19? Lisa Maragakis, M.D., M.P.H.感染预防高级主任解释了会发生什么.

What are the stages of coronavirus infection?

SARS-Cov-2(引起COVID-19的冠状病毒)的感染一般有三个阶段.

Incubation period. 这段时间是从感染到出现症状之间的时间. 一般来说，你可能会在感染后2到14天出现症状. 潜伏期因个体而异，且取决于不同的变种. 即使你在潜伏期没有症状, 在这个阶段，你可以将冠状病毒传播给另一个人.

This is why, if you suspect you were exposed to someone with COVID-19, you should self-quarantine, 注意症状，并考虑在接触后四五天进行检测. This way, you can help prevent the spread of COVID-19. 请查看疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的指南 isolation and quarantine.

Acute COVID-19. Once symptoms appear, you have entered the acute stage. You may have fever, cough and other COVID-19 symptoms. 如果你患有轻度或中度冠状病毒疾病，活动性疾病可能持续一到两周, but severe cases can last months. 有些人是无症状的，这意味着他们从来没有症状，但确实患有COVID-19.

如果你出现症状或怀疑你是无症状感染, call your health care provider, follow testing guidelines, and follow all isolation and safety guidelines.

COVID-19 recovery. Post-COVID-19 symptoms, such as lingering cough, on and off fever, weakness, and changes to your senses of smell or taste, 在你从急性病中恢复后，能否持续数周甚至数月. Persistent symptoms are sometimes known as long COVID-19.

感染后数周至数月，检测结果仍可能呈阳性, but this does not necessarily mean you are still infectious. 大多数人在建议的隔离预防期后不再具有传染性. If you have conditions that cause severe immunosuppression, 与您的医疗保健提供者联系，以确定您应该隔离多长时间，以及如何确定何时您不再具有潜在的传染性.

What are COVID-19 symptoms?

Symptoms can be severe, mild or absent altogether. 有些人从COVID-19中康复后没有任何问题，而另一些人则留下了问题 lingering effects还有一些人需要住院治疗或死于COVID-19引起的并发症.

If you have any of the following symptoms, call your doctor. 他或她会告诉你是否需要检查，并建议你应该做什么.

• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• New loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

Severe COVID-19 — When to Call 911

如果您遇到任何严重症状，应拨打911或紧急护理机构，包括:

• Difficulty breathing
• Persistent pain or pressure in the chest
• New confusion
• Inability to wake up or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face

如果你接触过COVID-19或被诊断患有COVID-19，一定要告诉911调度员或急诊室.

How long do COVID symptoms last?

那些患有COVID-19轻度病例的人通常会在一到两周内康复. For severe cases, recovery can take six weeks or more, and for some, there may be lasting symptoms with or without damage to the heart, kidneys, lungs and brain.

Can I get COVID-19 more than once?

Yes. 再次感染冠状病毒，尤其是其中一个 coronavirus variants, is possible if you previously had COVID-19.

最好的保护措施是全面接种疫苗，并在符合条件时接种加强疫苗, wear a face mask in public, practice physical distancing and wash your hands frequently.

Will I get COVID-19 pneumonia?

Some patients with COVID-19 develop pneumonia. 病毒性肺炎，包括由COVID-19引起的肺炎，不能用抗生素治疗. 一些严重的COVID-19病例可能需要呼吸机支持，以确保身体获得足够的氧气. 其他药物，包括抗病毒药物，也可以使用.

65岁以上的人和有某些健康状况的人患肺炎的风险更高，可能会出现更严重的COVID-19病例. Studies show that in patients with COVID-19, 肺炎可发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。, which can be fatal in some patients.

What is the treatment for COVID-19?

Treatment of COVID-19 involves addressing symptoms. 如果你有感染严重冠状病毒的风险，你的医生可能会推荐一种或多种 COVID-19 treatments但对于大多数患有轻度COVID-19的人来说，休息和多喝水是最好的方法. 你的医生也可能建议你服用非处方的退烧药.

More severe cases require hospital care, including breathing support, mechanical ventilation, or other medical treatments.

在COVID-19之后，我和其他人在一起什么时候是安全的?

如果您感染了COVID-19或与感染者接触过, 将自己与他人分开非常重要，这样你就不会进一步传播COVID-19. The CDC provides recommendations on isolation and quarantine.

If I have COVID-19, how can I keep my family safer?

There are several ways to help protect your family:

• 确保你家里的每个人都接种了全面疫苗，并在符合条件的情况下接种了加强疫苗.
• 任何冠状病毒检测呈阳性的人都应该尽可能地远离家中的其他人. Use a separate bathroom if one is available.
• 如果你必须和其他人在一个房间里，你和他们应该穿 face masks. If you cannot wear a face mask (for some, face masks may cause trouble breathing), 和你住在一起的人不应该和你在一个房间里. If they do enter your room, they should wear a face mask.
• Everyone should practice good hygiene, 包括经常洗手至少20秒，咳嗽或打喷嚏时对着手肘或纸巾(然后把纸巾扔掉).

Here are additional precautions:

• Do not share personal household items such as dishes, drinking glasses, cups, utensils, towels or bedding with other people, or with pets. After using these items, wash them thoroughly.
• 所有“高接触”的表面都应该每天清洁和消毒, such as counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards, tablets and bedside tables.
• 任何可能沾有血液、粪便或其他体液的表面都应立即清洁.
• 家庭清洁和消毒喷雾或湿巾是有效的:你不需要特殊的产品. 确保按照清洁产品上的标签说明安全有效地使用.

How can I care for my pets if I have COVID-19?

According to the CDC, the virus may spread from people to animals during close contact, 所以你最好对你的宠物采取和对人一样的安全措施.

• 避免与宠物接触，包括抚摸、依偎、亲吻或舔舐，以及分享食物.
• 在可能的情况下，在你生病时，请另一位家庭成员照顾你的动物.
• 如果你必须照顾它们，戴上口罩，并在前后洗手.